New coating could have big implications for lithium batteries | Boehmite Gel

Aluminum Sulfate or Al2(SO4)3  or Alum is a chemical compound which is soluble in water and is nontoxic and noncombustible in nature. It is majorly used in waste water treatment as a flocculating agent to purify drinking water. It is also used in the production of paper, fireproofing agents, and food additives, deodorizers, as a decolourization agents in petroleum and in firefighting foams. The anhydrous form of Aluminum Sulfate is essentially a white crystalline solid and is mainly obtained as an 18-hydrate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O.

Aluminum Sulfate when dissolved in a high amount of water forms a gooey substance called Aluminum Hydroxide. This compound acts a dye fixer as it helps the dye stick to the cloth by making the dye water insoluble.

Ceramic Honeycomb market report provides investors, analysts, researchers, business executives and others with analyses and forecasts for the Ceramic Honeycomb market, including keyword production, revenues, competitor’s marketing strategy and global product selling prices up to 2022.

With much lower price clean H2 available in the near future, FCEVs owners could have their own clean low cost H2 storage unit at/near their home garage for quick refills and other uses?

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The technology has been licenced by the University of South Wales to a spin-out company part owned by Professor Antonelli, called Kubagen.

The cost of manufacturing our material is so low, and the energy density it can store is so much higher than a lithium-ion battery, that we could see hydrogen fuel cell systems that cost five times less than lithium ion batteries as well as providing a much longer range—potentially enabling journeys up to around four or five times longer between fill-ups.

Amine indicated that battery scientists could likely scale up the coating for use in nickel-rich NMC-containing batteries. "This polymer has been around for a while, but we were still surprised to see that it has all of the encouraging effects that it does," he said.

Since the nature of the interphase layers between the Li metal and the SSEs drastically changed the behavior of the Li metal plating and stripping, the interphase morphology and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure 4 (A and B) shows the surface morphology of the cycled LPS recovered from Li|LPS|SS and Li|LiFSI@LPS|SS. The untreated LPS shows substantial cracking after prolonged cycling due to the side reactions (Li3PS4 + 8Li → Li3P + 4Li2S) between the Li metal and the solid-state LPS electrolyte, as evidenced by the low CE and poor cycling stability (Fig. 3D). Figure 4D shows the ternary phase diagram of the Li-P-S obtained from Materials Project (MP) (30). The reaction between the LPS and the Li metal will ultimately form the fully lithiated species of Li2S and Li3P, with LiP7, Li3P7, and LiP as the possible intermediates. However, these reduction products cannot act as effective SEI layers due to the high electronic conductivity of LixP (figs. S4 and S5). The formation of the lithiated layer will increase the Li content on the LPS surface. ToF-SIMS analysis was used to map the Li content in the cross section. As shown in fig. S4, the Li content in the cracked layer of the cycled LPS SSE was higher than that in the bulk LPS SSE, confirming the side reactions of LPS with Li. XPS was also performed to obtain the detailed composition information on the interface layer (Fig. 4, C, E, and F, and fig. S6). For the cycled LPS recovered from the untreated Li|LPS|SS battery, significantly high doublet peaks of Li3P (2p3/2: 126 eV) were observed, in addition to P doublet peaks of 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 (~132.5 eV) from LPS (31). A few tiny peaks at 130.3 eV in XPS could be attributed to other reduced P compounds (LixP, 0 ≤ x < 3) (31). The XPS surface composition analysis confirms the serious parasitic reactions between the LPS SSE and the Li metal during the Li plating/stripping process, which is in line with the previous reports (31, 32) and the reaction mechanism based on the ternary phase diagram in Fig. 4D. All the analyses from the SEM, XPS, and ToF-SIMS proved that significant reactions take place between the LPS SSE and the Li metal anode, leading to the formation of the lithiated by-products and cracks. Hayashi and colleagues (31) reported that LPS coated by Au is also reduced by Li.

The global chlorine market was dominated by the Asia-Pacific region among the geographies. China is the largest consumer and producer of caustic soda. The phenomenal increase in demand from the textile industry in countries such as China, India, Taiwan, and Vietnam are expected to drive growth in the Asia-Pacific market. Going forward, European caustic soda market is expected to experience moderate growth as the market has attained maturity in this region. North America accounted for approximately 20% share in the global caustic soda market in 2017. The U.S. drives the relatively matured North American caustic soda market. South America is a major exporting destination for the major players in global caustic soda market. The demand for consumer products in the major emerging countries such as Brazil is expected to drive the growth of the caustic soda market in South America. Africa is a major untapped market with ample opportunities for major players to expand during the forecast period. The heavy investments in research and development for the development of efficient production processes as well as new products are expected to create new opportunities for major players in the global caustic soda market during the forecast period.

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The total direct and indirect cost of the damages from the pollution and GHGs created by the 500+ CPPs and 300+ million ICEVs operating in North America would need many super computers to calculate.